Review maps how biophysical models and surrogate digital twins can speed neuroprosthetic design and tuning
A review synthesizes modeling work across DBS, spinal cord, vagus and peripheral nerve interfaces and recommends combining high-fidelity biophysical simulations with fast surrogate 'digital twin' models to speed device design and personalized stimulation. The authors call for more in vivo validation, standardized reporting, and open-source pipelines to bridge lab models and clinical programming.
15 Apr 2026